• Members of the TGF superfamily TGF or TGF have been

  2018-10-29

  

  Members of the TGF-β superfamily, TGF-β1 or TGF-β3, have been shown to induce chondrogenic differentiation (Johnstone et al., 1998; Mackay et al., 1998; Tanaka et al., 2004). In this respect, Lorda-Diez et al. (2011) have performed an elegant in vivo study to identify the temporal hierarchy of the g

• Previous experiments with mouse chimaeras

  2018-10-29

  

  Previous experiments with mouse chimaeras and X-inactivation mosaics (Collinson et al., 2002, 2004; Mort et al., 2009) suggested that the numbers of active LESC clones decline with age in wild-type mice and are reduced in Pax6+/− heterozygotes. Although this would imply that LESC function is deficie

• mth1 pathway Giant depolarizing potentials have been describ

  2018-10-29

  

  Giant depolarizing potentials have been described in hippocampal neurons (Ben-Ari et al., 1989) and may be essential for neuronal development in the immature brain (Cherubini and Ben-Ari, 2011). In neuronal cultures derived from human fibroblasts from Angelman syndrome patients, the presence of astr

• Introduction The transcription factor Nanog was identified

  2018-10-29

  

  Introduction The transcription factor Nanog was identified based on its ability to support embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) (Chambers et al., 2003). Further studies demonstrated that Nanog helps to maintain pluripotency in ESCs by promoting O

• br Myocardial regeneration after allogeneic stem cell therap

  2018-10-26

  

  Myocardial regeneration after allogeneic stem cell therapy Moreover, as outlined above, a consensus is gaining ground that most of the favourable effects of cell transplantation protocols used until now exert their beneficial effect by a paracrine mechanism of the transplanted bafilomycin a1 auto

• An increase in the PGC number caused by dnd RNA

  2018-10-26

  

  An increase in the PGC number caused by dnd RNA injection does not exceed 3-fold, even if a high level of Dnd expression occurs in many cells. It is likely that an additional factor essential for PGC specification exists in medaka, which shows expression and PGC-specifying activity similar to dnd bu

• br Results br Discussion In this study we have

  2018-10-26

  

  Results Discussion In this study we have shown that activating BRAF mutations leading to increased RAS/MAPK pathway signaling induce a hypertrophic phenotype in hiPSC-derived CMs. While BRAF-mutant CMs display intrinsic defects in Ca2+ handling, several aspects of their phenotype require parac

• Recently iPSCs were derived from fibroblasts obtained from a

  2018-10-26

  

  Recently, iPSCs were derived from fibroblasts obtained from another unrelated UFM subject (de Esch et al., 2014). The lymphoblastoid cell line from this subject has been previously characterized and showed the same epigenetic profile of the FMR1 promoter-like lymphoblastoid cells from UFM1 (Pietrobo

• While the results of the membrane based

  2018-10-26

  

  While the results of the membrane-based γ-secretase assays are not consistent with a direct effect on the core γ-secretase complex, there are indirect ways by which APP proteolysis may be altered that could go undetected in a cell-free assay. The specific APP processing paths leading to the generati

• Analysis of the data in Fig b shows

  2018-10-26

  

  Analysis of the data in Fig. 3b shows that the shape of the (222) reflection virtually does not change and corresponds to the instrumental resolution at all temperatures. The right shoulder of the (310) peak exhibits slight differences from the instrumental resolution even at high temperatures, whic

• The power consumption of the RCS in the programming mode

  2018-10-26

  

  The power consumption of the RCS in the programming mode is less than 5W and 0.5W in the control mode. Since the control of the EDCLLS network by the RCS is continuous, the problem of reducing the standby power is important. The problem was solved by developing a power supply unit for both RCS and

• br Introduction After World War II population

  2018-10-26

  

  Introduction After World War II, population growth and rapid urbanization in the U.S. led to dramatic political and geographic changes in urban areas. Scholars have explored how changes in the urban landscape affected economic growth as well as social and racial inequalities (Akai & Sakata, 2002;

• Our study found a link between

  2018-10-26

  

  Our study found a link between screening and delay in seeking medical advice. Attending regular BC screening aid in the self-awareness process and helped women understand the seriousness of their condition, three women in our study had BC screening before and knew about BC, this knowledge prompted t

• The fact that health outcomes did not improve across the

  2018-10-26

  

  The fact that health outcomes did not improve across the board allows us to rule out with some confidence one type of spurious relationship impossible to control for within our model: neighborhood gentrification. Over the time ccr2 antagonist of our study, if higher income households replace lower

• br Experimental section br Results and discussion The

  2018-10-26

  

  Experimental section Results and discussion The representative configuration of the Al/phosphate cell constructed in Fig. 1 was based on the electrochemical property of the ZnO modifier on Al/Au electrode to activate Al/Al oxidation via pitting mechanism originating from the defect site to ove

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