• haloperidol haldol Extracellular ATP and downstream purinerg

  2024-09-05

  

  Extracellular ATP and downstream purinergic signaling have also been proposed to contribute to dental pulp tissue healing and dentin regeneration. Mechanical and thermal stimulation of external dentin can induce ATP release in dental pulp through pannexins [13]. Cold stimulation was also reported to

• 13148 br COX and LOX in post mortem AD

  2024-09-04

  

  COX and 5-LOX in post-mortem AD brain Minghetti (2004) reviewed the findings on COX-2 mRNA levels in AD brains, pointing out that the available evidence demonstrated either decreased or increased levels, possibly because of the short half-life of COX-2 transcripts or individual variability. Histo

• Oocytes from the African clawed frog Xenopus

  2024-09-04

  

  Oocytes from the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis have been widely used as an expression system to study the modulation of NMDA receptors by metabotropic receptors, such as metabotropic glutamate receptors [12], μ opioid receptors [13], insulin receptors [14] and serotonin receptors [15]. No data

• Introduction Apoptosis signal regulating kinase

  2024-09-04

  

  Introduction Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a family member of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, selectively activates the JNK and p38 MAP kinase pathways in response to various types of stresses, including oxidative stress, and subsequently indu

• br Introduction O Dowd et al identified a gene

  2024-09-04

  

  Introduction O’Dowd et al. identified a gene very similar to angiotensin type-1 receptor in 1993 (O’Dowd et al., 1993). The specific selective ligand of this receptor called APJ receptor was determined by Tatemoto et al. in 1998 as apelin (Tatemoto et al., 1998). The high expression of apelin and

• MADS box proteins are combinatorial transcription

  2024-09-04

  

  MADS box proteins are combinatorial transcription factors in that they often derive their regulatory specificity from other DNA binding or accessory factors. In many cases, the cofactor with which MADS box proteins interact specifies which genes are regulated, when they are regulated and if these ge

• br Conclusions br Funding This work was supported by

  2024-09-04

  

  Conclusions Funding This work was supported by a Finnish government subsidy for health science research [grant numbers TYH2012141, TYH 2013218, and TYH 2014216]; the SSAC Foundation [grant numbers SLS-504141 and SLS-693781]; and the Paulo Foundation. The funding sources had no involvement in s

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2024-09-04

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Our results revealed that LPS injection in rats impaired fear memory in the PA task. This results are in agreement with the most of previous studies reported that following acute [23,24,39,[45], [46], [47]] or chronic systemic AZD-5438 [30] fear lear

• Interestingly ZIP expression was decreased in dog testes aft

  2024-09-04

  

  Interestingly, ZIP9 expression was decreased in dog testes after they were implanted with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) which the authors proposed was due to androgen ablation (Bulldan et al., 2016a). The expression of other members of the ZIP (SLC39A) family has also been shown to be regula

• The association of male gender with increased atherosclerosi

  2024-09-04

  

  The association of male gender with increased atherosclerosis has stimulated interest in the role of androgen signalling in this condition. Androgens act (Fig. 2) by direct activation of androgen receptor (AR), a nuclear receptor that acts as a ligand-regulated transcription factor (Gao et al., 2005

• br Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives The

  2024-09-04

  

  Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives The collective evidence from studies detailing the functions of AMPK in the neuromuscular system, combined with those in DMD, SMA, and DM1 surveyed in the present review, strongly suggests that AMPK is a central mediator of neuromuscular determination, m

• HsALDH enzyme has been purified for

  2024-09-03

  

  HsALDH enzyme has been purified for the first time in our laboratory from human saliva and has been kinetically characterized using different aromatic substrates [35]. Also, the effect of some common substances frequently encountered by the enzyme in the oral cavity (such as ethanol, hydrogen peroxi

• Mechanistically NAergic signaling in the VTA modulates

  2024-09-03

  

  Mechanistically, NAergic signaling in the VTA modulates neuronal activity presumably via α1-AR. The majority of α1-ARs are found in the VTA are located presynaptically on unmyelinated Febuxostat mg and axon terminals of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. However, α1-ARs are also found on neuronal

• br Transparency document br Introduction

  2024-09-03

  

  Transparency document Introduction G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a diverse family of seven transmembrane domain-containing receptors represented by over 800 genes in humans. GPCRs respond to a range of stimuli, including peptides, hormones, growth factors, lipids, odorants, and

• Voluminous literature about the neuroendocrine mechanism of

  2024-09-03

  

  Voluminous literature about the neuroendocrine mechanism of reproduction and energy regulation has emerged from studies involving mammalian species. The avian infundibular nucleus (equivalent structure to the mammalian arcuate nucleus) consists of two neuronal populations, one of which expresses neu

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